《心髓四部》简明介绍

After his last teaching on Lamrim Yeshe Nyingpo, Rinpoche gave a concise presentation of the Nyingtik Yabshi. Yangthang Rinpoche was coming to Lerab Ling to give the Nyingtik initiations, so Sogyal Rinpoche was keen that his students understood better what they were about to receive.

最后一次讲授《道次第智慧藏》之后，仁波切简明介绍了《心髓四部》。杨唐仁波切即将到 列绕林 传授心髓灌顶，因此索甲仁波切希望弟子们能更好地了解即将领受的教法。

The Buddhadharma can be divided into two (sutra and tantra) or nine vehicles. According to the ninefold division, the Nyingtik Yabshi is “the summit of all vehicles, the quintessence of all sutras and tantras, the highest level of paths and bhumis…” Let me explain why. 

佛法可以分为二乘——经乘与续乘——也可以分为九乘。依九乘的分类，《心髓四部》是「一切乘之顶，一切经续之精髓，诸道地之最高层次……」。让我解释一下其中的原因。

The nine vehicles are the shravaka, pratyekabuddha and bodhisattva path of training; the outer tantras of Kriya, Charya and Yoga; Mahayoga and Anuyoga, which are both contained in the Nyingma tantras; and, surmounting them all, the peak of all vehicles, the highest level of teachings, Atiyoga. As it is said,

九乘包括声闻、缘觉与菩萨的学道；外续的事部、行部与瑜伽部；同属宁玛续部的玛哈瑜伽与阿努瑜伽；以及超越以上诸乘、位居一切乘顶峰与最高教法层次的阿底瑜伽。正如所说：

Generation Mahayoga is like the body; 
Completion Anuyoga is like the heart; 
And Great Perfection Atiyoga is like the heart’s blood.

生起玛哈瑜伽如身；
圆满阿努瑜伽如心；
大圆满阿底瑜伽如心血。

Detailed descriptions of Atiyoga, or Great Perfection, speak of sixty-four hundred thousand tantras which can all be gathered into three classes of teachings: Mind, Space and Pith Instruction. The heart of all these three classes is the Pith Instruction section; the Nyingtik Yabshi is the main teaching of this category.

详细说明阿底瑜伽，也就是大圆满时，会谈到六百四十万续。它们全部可归为三部教法：心部、界部与窍诀部。三部的心要是窍诀部，《心髓四部》就是这一类的主要教法。

Nyingtik Yabshi can be translated as the four (shyi) sections (ya) of Heart Essence (nyingtik) teachings. The first section is called Vima Nyingtik.

Nyingtik Yabshi 可以译为四（shyi）部（ya）心髓（nyingtik）教法。第一部称为《毗玛心髓》。

The Vima Nyingtik teachings were initially transmitted by the primordial buddha Samantabhadra to Vajrasattva. Vajrasattva then bestowed the sixty-four hundred thousand tantras of Dzogpachenpo, in an instant, to the vidyadhara Garab Dorje who reached liberation the moment he heard them, unlike those who need to achieve the different levels step by step. 

《毗玛心髓》教法最初由本初佛普贤王如来传给金刚萨埵。金刚萨埵随后在一刹那间，将大圆满六百四十万续赐予持明极喜金刚。他在听闻的当下即获得解脱，不同于那些需要逐步证得各个层次的人。

Garab Dorje, who was known as ‘the teacher of Dzogpachenpo’ because he was the first human Dzogchen master, taught these teachings to Manjushrimitra. Manjushrimitra’s disciple was Shri Singha, whose disciples in turn were Jnanasutra and Vimalamitra. Manjushrimitra, Shri Singha, Jnanasutra and Vimalamitra are the four vidyadharas who received transmission through the sign lineage. At this point I should talk about their lives, but I don’t think that’s necessary as I’m sure you know about them already.^[1]

极喜金刚是人间第一位大圆满上师，因此被称为「大圆满导师」。他将这些教法传给文殊友。文殊友的弟子是师利僧哈，后者的弟子又有嘉纳苏扎（智经）与无垢友。文殊友、师利僧哈、嘉纳苏扎与无垢友，就是通过表示传承获得传法的四位持明。说到这里，本应讲一讲他们的生平，不过我想没有必要，因为我相信你们已经了解。^[1]

Vimalamitra was like the crown jewel of the five hundred great panditas of India. When he received the Dzogchen initiation into the expression of awareness (rigpé tsal wang), he attained the rainbow body of great transference and passed beyond birth and death within his very lifetime. He is still living in his vajra body on the Five-peak Mountain (Wutai Shan) in China. The Vima Nyingtik is like his heart or life-force, his greatest treasure.

无垢友就像印度五百大班智达的顶髻宝珠。他领受大圆满觉性力灌顶时，证得了大迁转虹身，在这一生中就超越了生死。他至今仍以金刚身住在中国五台山。《毗玛心髓》如同他的心脏或命根，是他最珍贵的宝藏。

The Vima Nyingtik teachings were transmitted in Tibet by Vimalamitra. The dharma king Trisong Deutsen invited Vimalamitra, offering him boundless quantities of gold, based on the prophetic advice of his minister Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo who could see with his naked eyes the three realms of existence in their entirety. In Tibet, Vimalamitra taught the instructions of the Vima Nyingtik to a few select disciples such as King Trisong Deutsen and Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo. Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo practised the Vima Nyingtik instructions in a cave on Chakpori hill high above Lhasa. As a result, he manifested the body of light free of all aggregates. 

《毗玛心髓》由无垢友传入西藏。大臣娘·定增桑波能以肉眼遍见整个三界，法王赤松德赞依照他的授记建议，供养无量黄金，邀请无垢友入藏。在西藏，无垢友将《毗玛心髓》教授传给赤松德赞王、娘·定增桑波等少数经过选择的弟子。娘·定增桑波在俯瞰拉萨的药王山高处一座洞中，修持《毗玛心髓》教授，结果显现了远离一切蕴聚的光身。

The Vima Nyingtik teachings were written down and the texts separated into two parts to be transmitted differently. Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo transmitted them secretly, over time, to two main disciples. One set of teachings was hidden inside the capital of a pillar in the Tashipal temple. A hundred years after Nyang Tingdzin Zangpo manifested the body of light, an incarnation of Vimalamitra, Neten Dangma Lhungyal, appeared who retrieved the treasure from the pillar and received the lineage transmission for the texts.

《毗玛心髓》教法被写成文字，文本分为两部分，以不同方式传承。娘·定增桑波在一段时期中，将它们秘密传给两位主要弟子。其中一组教法藏在扎西贝寺一根柱子的柱头中。娘·定增桑波显现光身一百年后，无垢友的化身——内定·当玛伦杰——出现，从柱中取出伏藏，并获得这些文本的传承。

We don’t need to go into too much detail here. You should simply know that these teachings were transmitted through a very select few masters until they reached the Great Omniscient Longchenpa. He received them from the revered master, Kumaraja. All the great beings who transmitted that lineage attained the rainbow body.

这里不必讲得太详细。你们只要知道，这些教法经由极少数经过选择的上师传承，直至遍知龙钦巴。龙钦巴从尊贵的上师古玛惹扎处获得了这些教法。传承此法的一切大德，都证得了虹身。

The Nyingtik Yabshi is a collection of many different texts. It contains the histories of the lineage masters, empowerment texts, sadhanas of the peaceful and wrathful deities, pith instructions explaining how to practise Dzogchen, and other related specific instructions. For example, there are one hundred and nineteen pith instructions contained within this collection.

《心髓四部》汇集了许多不同的文本，包括传承上师的历史、灌顶仪轨、寂静与忿怒尊成就法、解释如何修持大圆满的窍诀，以及其他相关的特别教授。例如，这一汇集中就包含一百一十九则窍诀。

The Vima Nyingtik is like the mother and the Lama Yangtik like the son. The Vima Nyingtik contains the teachings transmitted by Vimalamitra. The Lama Yangtik contains the Omniscient King of the Dharma Longchen Rabjam’s writings in which he gathered all the pith instructions concealed within the Vima Nyingtik, clarifying anything that might have been unclear.

《毗玛心髓》如母，《上师仰滴》如子。《毗玛心髓》包含无垢友所传的教法。《上师仰滴》则包含遍知法王龙钦饶降的著述；他将《毗玛心髓》中隐藏的全部窍诀汇集起来，阐明其中一切不够清楚的地方。

Thus he composed a further volume, known as ‘The Wish-fulfilling Jewel: Lama Yangtik’. It contains four empowerments (elaborate, simple, extremely simple and utterly simple), their related pith instructions, and the concluding entrustment of the protectors of the teachings. 

因此，他又撰写了一卷，名为《如意宝·上师仰滴》。其中包含四种灌顶——有戏、无戏、极无戏、最极无戏——及其相关窍诀，以及结尾的护法嘱咐。

These two sets of teachings, Vimalamitra’s Vima Nyingtik and Longchenpa’s Lama Yangtik, are called the ‘Vima Nyingtik mother and son’.

无垢友的《毗玛心髓》与龙钦巴的《上师仰滴》这两组教法，被称为「毗玛心髓母子」。

The master who received initiation into the expression of awareness from Shri Singha, who is beyond birth and death, and who pledged to remain until samsara is completely emptied of sentient beings, is Guru Rinpoche. Although the great master retained in his wisdom mind all the Dzogchen instructions that he received from Shri Singha, apart from a few pith instructions, no one ever witnessed him teaching Dzogchen in Tibet.

从师利僧哈处领受觉性力灌顶，超越生死，并发愿住世直至轮回众生完全空尽的上师，就是莲花生大师。虽然这位大阿阇黎的智慧心中完整持有从师利僧哈领受的一切大圆满教授，但除少数窍诀之外，没有人见过他在西藏传授大圆满。

When Guru Rinpoche was staying at Samyé Chimphu, the daughter of King Trisong Deutsen, Princess Pema Sal, suddenly passed away at the age of eight. The King was inconsolable with grief and took her body to Guru Rinpoche, begging him to bring her back to life. Guru Rinpoche drew a red nri syllable on her heart and placed a red flower on her head. He recited, dzah hung nri dzah, and summoned her consciousness back into her body. He then gave her the Khandro Nyingtik initiations and instructions in their entirety, leading her to the supreme path of liberation. 

莲花生大师住在桑耶青朴时，赤松德赞王之女贝玛萨公主在八岁那年突然去世。国王悲痛欲绝，将她的身体带到莲花生大师面前，恳求他使她复活。莲花生大师在她心间画了一个红色 nri 字，在她头上放了一朵红花，念诵 dzah hung nri dzah，将她的心识召回身体。然后，他将《空行心髓》的全部灌顶与教授赐予她，引导她走上殊胜解脱道。

Longchenpa also received in full this lineage of teachings that Guru Rinpoche initially gave to Princess Pema Sal. Following Longchen Rabjam, they continued to be transmitted down to masters such as Khenpo Ngakchung who, like Longchenpa, was an incarnation of Princess Pema Sal. 

莲花生大师最初传给贝玛萨公主的这一教法传承，龙钦巴也全部获得了。龙钦饶降之后，教法继续传到堪布阿琼等上师；堪布阿琼与龙钦巴一样，也是贝玛萨公主的化身。

Some time after the revival of the princess, Khandro Yeshe Tsogyal offered the body mandala of great bliss to Guru Rinpoche in the cave known as Tsokhang Kyil Yangdzong at Zhotö Tidro^[2] , requesting that he confer the empowerments and instructions of Dzogpachenpo. Guru Rinpoche granted her the entire Khandro Nyingtik, as if filling a vase to the brim. 600,000 dakinis were also present and received the transmission. 

公主复活后的一段时间，空行母益西措嘉在卓堆替卓一处名为措康吉央宗的山洞中^[2]，向莲花生大师献上大乐身坛城，请求传授大圆满灌顶与教授。莲花生大师如注满宝瓶一般，将《空行心髓》全部赐予她。当时还有六十万空行母在场，领受了传承。

So Guru Rinpoche gave the transmission of the Khandro Nyingtik on these two separate occasions. The teachings were then hidden as terma for successive incarnations of Princess Pema Sal to reveal. Later, the tertön Pema Ledreltsal, one of Longchenpa’s previous incarnations, retrieved the yellow scroll of the terma, from which he deciphered and wrote down the root and ancillary sections of the Khandro Nyingtik. The tendrel for the revelation was not completely perfect, however, and the terma wasn’t fully revealed before he passed away. Therefore before dying, Pema Ledreltsal gave the yellow scroll to his disciples and told them that he would return swiftly in order to complete the decoding of the terma. His incarnation was Longchen Rabjam. The Omniscient One received the yellow scroll and through the power of his compassion, aspiration and past karmic connection, unfolded the remainder of the Khandro Nyingtik teachings. Longchenpa transmitted the Khandro Nyingtik four times at Gangri Tökhar and so on. 

因此，莲花生大师在两个不同场合传授了《空行心髓》。此后，教法作为伏藏被埋藏起来，等待贝玛萨公主的后世化身取出。后来，龙钦巴前世之一的伏藏师贝玛列哲匝取出伏藏黄卷，从中解读并写下《空行心髓》的根本与辅助部分。然而，取藏的缘起并不完全圆满，他尚未完整开显伏藏便去世了。因此，贝玛列哲匝临终前，将黄卷交给弟子，并告诉他们，自己会迅速回来，完成伏藏的解读。他的化身便是龙钦饶降。遍知龙钦巴获得黄卷后，依靠悲心、愿力及宿世业缘，开显了《空行心髓》剩余的教法。龙钦巴在岗日托噶等地，四次传授《空行心髓》。

Longchenpa further gathered the essence of the Khandro Nyingtik in the Khandro Yangtik. The ‘Khandro Nyingtik mother and son’ and the ‘Vima Nyingtik mother and son’ are the fourfold heart essence, or ‘nyingtik yabzhi’. 

龙钦巴又将《空行心髓》的精华汇集于《空行仰滴》之中。「空行心髓母子」与「毗玛心髓母子」，就是《心髓四部》。

In addition, Longchenpa gathered together the profound key points of both Vima Nyingtik and Khandro Nyingtik into another collection that is very similar in terms of empowerments and teachings, known as the Zabmo Yangtik. These five collections of teachings form what we call the Nyingtik Yabshi, which contains more than three hundred texts. The Great Omniscient One, Longchenpa, said that when he is no longer present in this world, we should consult the Zabmo Yangtik, since it faithfully gathers and preserves all the pith instructions.

此外，龙钦巴将《毗玛心髓》与《空行心髓》的甚深要点汇集成另一部文集，名为《甚深仰滴》，其灌顶与教法内容与前者十分相近。这五部教法集成了我们所称的《心髓四部》，其中包含三百多篇文本。遍知龙钦巴说，当他不再住于此世时，我们应当请教《甚深仰滴》，因为它忠实地汇集、保存了一切窍诀。

Every follower of the Nyingma teachings holds these teachings as supreme—as the pinnacle of all views, the quintessence of all sutras and tantras, and so on. In short, as extraordinarily profound. 

每一位宁玛教法的追随者，都把这些教法奉为至高无上，视为一切见地之顶、一切经续之精髓等等。总之，极其甚深。